The serious issue of soil and water pollution stems from various anthropogenic activities, one of which is the excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in agriculture. This practice leads to nitrate leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. To address this problem, this research developed biodegradable hydrogels as controlled-release systems for urea. The hydrogel design was based on two natural biopolymers chitosan and gellan gum, due to their intrinsic properties, which enable gradual fertilizer release, reduce environmental impact, and improve nutrient efficiency for crops. Using an experimental approach, three composite formulations were studied. The urea release capacity of the hydrogels was evaluated under different conditions, considering key factors such as temperature and soil pH. Prior to evaluation, the synthesized hydrogels were characterized via FTIR and SEM. The results demonstrated that the hydrogels exhibited a porous structure and molecular interactions that control urea diffusion. In conclusion, these polymeric systems can effectively regulate fertilizer release, displaying distinct behaviors depending on their composition. This suggests significant potential for minimizing losses due to leaching and volatilization, the primary pollution mechanisms associated with conventional fertilizer use. Therefore, the development of these systems represents a promising alternative for more sustainable agriculture, where synchronizing nutrient availability with crop demands could substantially reduce environmental impact.