Cultivation of tequila agave (Agave tequilana Weber var. azul) has steadily expanded, driven by the indisputable prestige of tequila worldwide. Between 2014 and 2024, the area dedicated to agave cultivation increased by 167%, reaching 214,621 hectares, with plant production soaring in parallel. Yet, behind this commercial success lies a history of price volatility that has disproportionately affected agave farmers. For instance, in 1995 the price of agave fell to just 0.15 pesos per kilogram, forcing many producers to burn or abandon their crops, as even transportation costs were unjustifiable.

To address these challenges, our group at the Department of Wood, Cellulose and Paper Research has long explored alternative uses for the agave plant as a whole — beyond tequila and beyond residues. In this keynote, I will present two major lines of innovation. First, the valorization of agave fructans: from the patented development of agave syrup (TRL 9) to their structural characterization and transformation into drug reservoirs for colon-targeted delivery, vaccine adjuvants, green surfactants, and hydrogels for controlled release. Second, the valorization of solid residues: using nanotechnology, we have developed cellulose nanofibers for the adsorption of emerging pollutants and lignin nanoparticles with potential as natural sunscreens. Finally, I will discuss the biorefinery potential of pretreated bagasse, leaf fibers, and vinasses for the production of platform chemicals such as succinic acid, hyaluronic acid, and hydrogen.

Through these approaches, we illustrate how the agave, emblematic of Mexican heritage, can be transformed into a versatile source of sustainable materials, nanomaterials, and bio-based chemicals, opening new technological horizons beyond tequila.

Thanks to all the many students (graduate and undergrad) that have walked this road along.